This report from UK think tank Chatham House examines how the EU and UK can respond to Chinese technological supremacy. The global industrial landscape has shifted dramatically since the turn of the century. China’s rise as a manufacturing powerhouse has enabled the country to produce increasingly sophisticated goods at scale and at low cost. This...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House examines how biofuels threaten food supplies, forests and what to do about it. Biofuel production is set to expand rapidly over the next four years, as the search for alternatives to Gulf oil supplies gains momentum amid the US–Iran war. Our analysis indicates that an extra 36...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House makes a case for a more systemic approach to research security. The UK’s acknowledged strengths in science and technology (S&T) are the product of a university system in which international collaboration between academics is the norm. But this culture of openness also makes the research sector vulnerable...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House explores restoring the country’s human capital through state–civil society cooperation. Ukraine’s wartime resilience is due in no small part to its ‘whole-of-society’ model of defence – which requires a high level of mobilization among citizens, local community leaders, philanthropic organizations and the private sector. Civil society stands...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House addresses the issue of clarifying the law on respecting and protecting provision of healthcare. The entitlement of the wounded and sick to receive medical care is a foundational principle of international humanitarian law (IHL). Medical facilities and personnel are granted legal protection that allows them to serve...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House explores why rules-supporting countries should establish a ‘third pole’ in the global economy, without the US and China. Since Donald Trump took office again in early 2025, his administration’s economic policies – in such areas as trade, energy security, climate change, financial/monetary stability and international aid –...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House assesses the risks, consequences and options for mitigation. A ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine would have significant implications for European and Ukrainian security. Notably, Moscow’s record of manipulating negotiations and agreements to strengthen its position demonstrates the risks associated with such an outcome. A ceasefire that is...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House explores the challenge to improve supply-chain resilience and water security in the context of geopolitical change. Water can be thought of as the ‘forgotten input’ in global trade. Although water is critical to the production and transport of manufactured goods, and to the extraction, processing and transport...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House examines how policymakers and experts can revitalise arms control for a new era. Increasing global tensions have led some experts to suggest that formal control of nuclear weapons is no longer feasible. Some strategists in nuclear weapons states are even questioning whether it is desirable. This uncertainty...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House explores four important trends that have accelerated in the past year and which could start a shift towards a multipolar AI market. The AI race is often presented as one between the US and China, with other countries having little to no chance of catching up. Geopolitical...