Instability in the Kenya-Somalia-Ethopia borderlands
Think tank: RUSI
Author(s): Christopher Hockey; Timothy Kimaiyo; Martine Zeuthen
April 15, 2026
This report from UK think tank RUSI underscores the need for integrated approaches to peacebuilding, development and security in the borderlands.
This paper provides critical insights into the complex dynamics of instability in the Kenya–Somalia–Ethiopia borderlands, drawing on findings from the Deris Wanaag project’s research conference held in Nairobi in February 2026. The conference brought together experts, policymakers and practitioners to discuss peacebuilding, politics, climate, migration, gender and conflict in one of the most volatile regions in the Horn of Africa. The paper highlights the interconnected challenges of violent extremism, gender-based violence, ethnic tensions, political instability and resource pressures, offering practical recommendations for future interventions.
Key Recommendations
Strengthen governance and decentralisation: Address corruption and patronage networks at the subnational level to improve resource distribution and service delivery.
Enhance climate adaptation and anticipatory action: Develop community-driven early-warning systems, improve cross-border cooperation and prioritise funding for proactive climate solutions.
Promote gender inclusion: Expand women’s political and economic participation through enterprise development, access to credit and conflict-sensitive interventions.
Address youth exclusion: Create economic opportunities, promote positive masculinities and strengthen community-security relations to reduce vulnerability to armed groups.
Use research for impact: Focus on actionable insights, co-create research with policymakers and prioritise synthesis reports and participatory methodologies to bridge the gap between evidence and policy.
The paper underscores the need for integrated approaches to peacebuilding, development and security in the borderlands, emphasising the critical role of research in shaping effective interventions. In the context of a rapidly shifting donor landscape, this conference paper examines key challenges and options for fostering regional stability.
