This report from UK think tank the International Institute for Environment and Development looks at tracking finance for community climate action. Local communities are directly affected by the impacts of climate change and are essential to developing and implementing effective responses. As a result, it has never been more important to understand, track and measure...

This report from UK think tank IIED unpacks what the advisory opinion means for international investment law. In July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its advisory opinion on the ‘Obligations of states in respect of climate change’. The opinion confirms that states have legally binding obligations to protect the climate system and...

This report from UK think tank IIED examines how currency fluctuations and climate risks impact debt sustainability in SIDS and LDCs. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) are facing growing debt burdens, as volatile exchange rates, amplified by climate shocks, inflate the cost of servicing external debt. The reliance by SIDS...

This report from UK think tank IIED is a handbook for practitioners working in the social protection or fisheries sectors. This Handbook is for practitioners working in the social protection or fisheries sectors searching for innovative ways to promote sustainable fisheries and reduce human vulnerability. Amid a global decline in fish stocks, countries face challenges...

This report from UK think tank IIED outlines a number of action points to improve the effectiveness of debt swaps. In recent years, mounting external public debt has placed significant constraints on low-income country government budgets, particularly for those countries on the frontlines of combatting climate change and biodiversity loss. Debt for climate and nature...

This report from UK think tank IIED explores the vulnerabilities of cotton farmers in the Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. India is the world’s largest cotton producer, accounting for nearly a quarter of global production. The cotton sector is crucial for India’s economy and supports the livelihoods of approximately six million farmers. However, climate...

This report from UK think tank IIED reevaluates responses to the protracted displacement of Syrian refugees in Jordan. An estimated one in 14 residents in Jordan is a refugee, making it the world’s second largest per capita refugee host. Almost 90% of the 727,715 people registered as refugees with UNHCR in Jordan are from Syria,...

This report from UK think tank IIED offers a comprehensive step-by-step guide to quantifying and valuing economic and non-economic loss and damage. Across the world, climate impacts such as extreme heat and floods are destroying lives, livestock and property. Loss and damage occurs when the capacities of affected communities and countries are compromised to the...

This report from UK think tank the International Institute for Environment and Development presents their refreshed approach to impact. Following a year of review and dialogue, this manifesto presents IIED's refreshed approach to impact. This new approach to working on problems, in equitable learning partnerships, focuses on specific propositions to progress towards a thriving world....

This report from UK think tank IIED argues that seafood should play a more prominent role in debates about food systems transformation in the UK. This paper argues that seafood should play a more prominent role in debates about food systems transformation in the UK. We discuss the connections between seafood and the broader food...