Report

Modern targeting in European militaries

This report from UK think tank RUSI delivers a critical analysis of modern targeting practices in European militaries.

This paper delivers a critical analysis of modern targeting practices in European militaries, highlighting their transformative impact on operational effectiveness, legal compliance and coalition interoperability in the digital age. By examining both technical and human factors, the paper provides actionable insights for defence and security professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of digital and multi-domain warfare.

Key Recommendations

Prioritise organisational and procedural adaptation: Modern targeting requires not only advanced technology but also changes in processes, culture and delegation of authority to enable rapid, scalable operations.

Balance speed with legal and ethical safeguards: While automation and digitalisation accelerate targeting, robust safeguards must be maintained to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law and mitigate civilian harm.

Enhance interoperability among Allies: Align targeting policies, procedures and systems across coalition partners to reduce friction, prevent redundant strikes and ensure effective joint operations.

Invest in human-machine teaming: Develop clear frameworks for meaningful human control and accountability in automated targeting workflows, addressing legal, ethical and operational frictions.

Focus on training and doctrine: Prepare commanders and operators for the realities of high-intensity, digitally integrated conflict, including the need for decentralised decision-making and risk management.

This paper is essential reading for defence sector leaders, policymakers and practitioners aiming to modernise targeting capabilities and ensure operational success in future conflicts.