This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform argues that the EU should focus on long-term reforms needed to reduce Europe’s dependence on fossil fuels. European energy markets are in a very different situation from a year ago. Today, Europe is not fearing electricity blackouts or gas shortages, and the European economy...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform warns that Ukraine is going to need both short- and long-term military aid. The war in the Middle East is pushing Ukraine off the front pages, and some Western leaders, particularly in the US, are turning their attention away from Russia’s continuing war of...

This report from UK think tank RUSI examines how Russia’s energy policy has interacted with its foreign and defence policies since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Russia views as a serious security threat any restriction of its access to and exploitation of oil and gas markets, either through international sanctions that prevent...

This report from UK think tank the Social Market Foundation explores whether a Labour government could realise a better future in the UK for refugee protection with control. Judgment on the legality of the government’s ‘Rwanda plan’ response to the irregular migrant flows across the English Channel is currently awaited from the Supreme Court. In...

This report by UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at a European strategy for Labour. Britain needs a better deal with the EU than that negotiated by Boris Johnson’s government: the economy is taking a hit, opinion polls show that most Britons want a closer relationship and the tense geopolitical situation highlights...

This report from UK think tank UK in a Changing Europe looks at the potential paths for the Trade and Cooperation Agreement On Christmas Eve 2020 the UK and EU finally agreed a treaty to regulate their relationship post Brexit. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement was provisionally applied from 1 January 2021 and formally ratified...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at the low take-up of AI technology in Europe. As it finalises the AI Act, many EU politicians are fretting about the risks and dangers of AI. But the EU faces a bigger problem: low take-up of the technology. China and the US,...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at whether the EU and UK can co-operate more closely in their policy towards China. No country poses bigger policy challenges to both the EU and the UK than China. Both are struggling to exploit the economic opportunities that China offers while managing...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at how the EU can be competitive in green goods and should use subsidies to producers with caution. European policy-makers are worried about losing out to subsidised production in the US and China in the booming global market for green technologies. A new...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at EU-UK defence co-operation and argues that a closer relationship is both necessary and possible. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has reminded the EU and the UK of their shared security interests and brought them closer together. The UK and the EU have co-ordinated...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at the European Political Community (EPC) and Europe’s newest political forum. The European Political Community (EPC) is Europe’s newest political forum. The first EPC summit in Prague in October 2022 showcased its potential as a platform for dialogue between a large and diverse...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at the need for reform of the EU's fiscal rules.  The EU’s fiscal rules, which constrain member-states’ budget policies, are in desperate need of reform. They are too complicated, impose unrealistic demands on some countries, and lead to government overspending in economic booms...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at how European countries – and the EU – have responded to high energy prices. A new Centre for European Reform policy brief, ‘Europe needs fiscal and energy solidarity’, evaluates how European countries – and the EU – have responded to high energy...

This report from UK think tank the UK in a Changing Europe looks at what has happened to immigration, immigration policy and public attitudes since Brexit. Immigration was a key, if not the key issue in the referendum of 2016. The last few years have seen the biggest shakeup in the UK migration system in...

This report from UK think tank the Centre for European Reform looks at how the war in Ukraine has unfolded and gains and losses.  When Vladimir Putin sent Russian forces across the Ukrainian border on February 24th 2022, he clearly expected a quick victory with limited if any negative consequences for Russia. He probably believed...

The Withdrawal Agreement states that the EU and the UK should ‘use their best endeavours to conclude and ratify their new fisheries agreement by 1 July 2020’. Clearly, their best endeavours have not been enough: talks broke up on 2 July with continuing disagreement over an EU-UK fisheries agreement. The EU and the UK are...