Reports

This report from UK think tank RUSI examine trends in Russia’s nuclear weapons strategy with a particular focus on substrategic nuclear weapons. In this paper, the evolution of Russian nuclear doctrine is examined, focusing on the implications of recent geopolitical developments, Russia's nuclear strategy and its flexibility in employing nuclear weapons. The purpose of this...

This report from UK think tank PBE examines the economic benefits of mentoring LGBTQ+ young people. There is still limited understanding of what works, and what does not, when supporting LGBTQ+ young people’s mental health. While the problem is increasingly acknowledged, the evidence base around effective interventions remains limited. Our report builds the evidence on...

This report from UK think tank the Institute of Development Studies looks at how people engage with democracy. What has shifted us towards a more autocratic, rather than democratic, world? While there is nothing new about a politically divided citizenry, the current state of democracy strongly calls for an analysis of the diverse motivations of...

This report from UK think tank New Economics Foundation looks at transforming the Office for Budget Responsibility into the Office for Fiscal Transparency. The UK’s fiscal framework has a democratic deficit. The OBR has an effective veto over decisions about how much money the government spends and on what. We propose replacing the OBR with...

This report from UK think tank the Institute for Government examines the performance gaps in schools. The 2010s saw educational attainment increase, and disparities narrow, across England’s schools – but this progress was brought to a shuddering halt when Covid hit. Since 2019, educational inequalities have again grown wider and more pronounced, both across the...

This report from UK think tank the Institute for Government summarises a government roundtable discussion on resettlement schemes. Over the last decade, resettlement programmes have safely and successfully brought to the UK hundreds of thousands of people fleeing conflict and persecution. These schemes have rapidly mobilised different parts of central and local government, public services,...

This report from UK think tank PBE provides new evidence of the long-term economic benefits of investing early in children’s mental health. Wellbeing boosts life chances. When children feel mentally well, they do better at school, build stronger relationships and reach their life-long potential. This report provides new evidence and analysis of the long-term economic...

This report from UK think tank RUSI looks at push payment fraud and the role of money mules within it. This paper discusses the rising issue of fraud in the UK, particularly focusing on the role of money mules in facilitating authorised push payment fraud and the implications for national security and financial crime prevention.

This report from UK think tank the Henry Jackson Society identifies key companies and projects to replace US capabilities. Europe’s growing interest in diversifying away from US defence systems is rooted in strategic unease. The Ukraine war has reignited discussions on European defence integration, yet tensions persist between the financial costs and national autonomy such...

This report from UK think tank Green Alliance explores British public and Labour voter opinion on the circular economy. Recent research has emphasised Labour’s need to both retain voters and win them over from multiple sources, including from Reform UK, the Lib Dems and the Greens. Both More in Commons’ Wheelbarrow politics and Persuasion UK’s...

This report from UK think tank the Social Market Foundation looks at policies to boost the retirement savings of the self-employed. The low share of self-employed workers saving into private pensions and problematic saving behaviours amongst many who are, is leading to concerns that large numbers of self-employed workers are on track for inadequate retirement...

This report from UK think tank the Resolution Foundation assesses key considerations for the Warm Homes Plan. The Warm Homes Plan is the Government’s flagship policy to cut energy bills and decarbonise England’s housing stock. It aims to upgrade homes so that they are easier to keep warm, generate more electricity from solar panels, and...

This report from UK think tank the National Institute of Economic and Social Research analyses the UK economic outlook in the summer of 2025. The Government is on track to miss its ‘stability rule’ by £41.2bn in the fiscal year 2029-30 due to higher-than-expected public sector borrowing, the reversal of cuts to welfare, and weaker-than-expected...

This report from UK think tank RUSI argues that cyber deterrence must be part of an integrated, cross-domain strategy. Geopolitical tensions in cyberspace are escalating. There is an urgent need to reassess how the cyber domain can support broader deterrence strategies. However, the effectiveness of deterrence in cyberspace remains contested among scholars and practitioners. While...

This report from UK think tank the Henry Jackson Society shares insights gleaned from personal observations of a full aid distribution period in Gaza. On 28th July 2025, in the middle of a raging international debate around aid and alleged starvation in Gaza, I was granted unprecedented access to Gaza and the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation...

This report from UK think tank the Fabian Society looks at making the circular economy in England work at scale. Like most developed countries, the UK produces millions of tonnes of unnecessary waste each year. In 2020, the last year data was recorded, we produced 191m tonnes of total waste, with England responsible for 163m...

This report from UK think tank HEPI assesses the benefits of learning a language and the current state of play in schools and universities. In this report, Megan Bowler from the University of Oxford considers the benefits that learning a language provides and assesses the current state of play in schools and universities. She ends...

This report from UK think tank the Henry Jackson Society examines how to make sanctions more effective. Economic sanctions have become a cornerstone of modern international diplomacy, increasingly employed by governments around the world to advance a wide range of foreign policy objectives – from deterring armed conflict to disrupting illicit financial flows and combatting...

This report from UK think tank the Social Market Foundation examines how gambling tax reform can raise revenue for the government and save British horse racing. As the Government considers reshaping the way it taxes remote gambling, this report makes a compelling case against harmonising duties across betting and gaming. Instead, it argues for a...

This report from UK think tank Chatham House explores how to strengthen Europe and NATO’s approach to the region. For the best part of two decades, Europe and NATO have underestimated Russia and its motivation to dominate the Black Sea region. Understanding the patterns of consistency and adaptation in Moscow’s Black Sea posture is essential...

This report from UK think tank the Coalition for Global Prosperity outlines how the UK can deepen and renew the special relationship over the next 20 years. The UK is facing the most volatile and unpredictable global environment since the Second World War, a situation the Ministry of Defence has called a "pre-war era." In...

This report from UK think tank PolicyWISE proactively engages the public in actions to boost health and wellbeing for the short and longer term. Take Five to Age Well (Take Five) policy brief is aimed at policy makers from all four nations. This is a public health campaign and research project that proactively engages the...

This report from UK think tank the Resolution Foundation explores how to incentivise employers to create more opportunities for disabled workers. Improving employment outcomes for disabled people is essential not just for raising living standards across Britain, but for supporting economic growth, reducing inactivity due to ill health, and curbing health-related benefit spending. While policy...

This report from UK think tank PBE explores the economic contribution of civic society. Civil society and volunteering are widely recognised as important generators of social value. From food banks to cancer research, local sports teams or youth clubs, it’s clear that civil society provides vital services, makes our communities stronger and boosts our wellbeing....

This report from UK think tank the Institute for Government explores how to improve the hybrid bill legislative process. The government has set ambitious goals for infrastructure for its first term. The Plan for Change sets a goal of 150 planning decisions on major infrastructure by the end of this parliament.1 Hybrid bills can be...